3 main function of muscles. (proximally 640 muscles total).
3 categories:
Energy production.
Helpful hints for naming muscles.
1. Size
3. Location
4. Direction of muscle fibers
5. Action
6) Number of attachments
- Movement.
- Heat production.
- maintain posture/body position.
3 categories:
- Skeletal muscle - (striated) - is voluntary. usually attached to skeleton.
- Smooth muscle - (non-striated) - is involuntary. occur in the wall of internal organs and blood vessel.
- Cardiac muscle - (striated) - is involuntary. occur in the wall of heart.
Energy production.
- Human body need energy to make energy.
- Lactic acid - causes soreness (DOMS) - Delayed onset muscle soreness.
- Only 1/3 of the energy muscles receive is used for work, the rest is for heat.
- Example: shivering & walking can create heat.
Helpful hints for naming muscles.
1. Size
- Vastus - huge
- Maximus - large
- Longus - long
- Minimus - small
- Brevis - short
- Deltoid - triangle
- Latissimus - wide
- Teres - round
- Trapezius - trapezoid
- Rhombus - rhomboid
3. Location
- Pectoralis - chest
- Gluteus - buttock
- Brachii - arm
- supra- - above
- infra- - below
- sub- - underneath (deeper than infra-)
- Lateralis - lateral
- Medialis - medial
- intermedius - in between
4. Direction of muscle fibers
- Rectus - straight
- Oblique - angulaire
5. Action
- Adductor - toward
- Abductor - away
- Flexor - flexes
- Extensor - extends
- Levator - life or elevate
- Depressor - depress
6) Number of attachments
- Triceps (3 attachment point)
- biceps (2 attachment point)
- quadriceps (4 attachment point)
Prime mover - contraction is the major source of a particular movement.
Antagonist - (flexion) muscle that opposes the action of prime mover.
Tendon - connect muscle to bone.
Origin - typically, the most proximal muscle.
insertion - typically, the most distal muscle.
Connective tissues
Antagonist - (flexion) muscle that opposes the action of prime mover.
Tendon - connect muscle to bone.
Origin - typically, the most proximal muscle.
insertion - typically, the most distal muscle.
Connective tissues
- Fascia - connective tissue that hold muscles together.
- Aponeuroses - connects big muscle to outer part of bone or other tendon. (sheet of tissue)